论文标题
关于多标签遥感图像分类中不同类型标签噪声的影响
On the Effects of Different Types of Label Noise in Multi-Label Remote Sensing Image Classification
论文作者
论文摘要
遥感(RS)图像的多标签分类(MLC)精确方法的开发是RS中最重要的研究主题之一。为了解决MLC问题,发现需要大量可靠的可靠训练图像,该图像由多个土地覆盖类标签(多标签)注释,在卢比中很受欢迎。但是,收集这种注释是耗时且昂贵的。以零标签成本获得注释的常见程序是依靠主题产品或众包标签。作为缺点,这些过程具有标签噪声的风险,可能会扭曲MLC算法的学习过程。在文献中,大多数标签噪声鲁棒方法都是为计算机视觉(CV)中单标签分类(SLC)问题而设计的,其中每个图像都由单个标签注释。与SLC不同,MLC中的标签噪声可以与:1)减去标签 - 噪声(在图像中存在该类时,未分配土地覆盖类标签为图像); 2)添加标签噪声(尽管该类不存在在给定图像中,但将土地覆盖类标签分配给图像); 3)混合标签噪声(两者的组合)。在本文中,我们研究了三种不同的噪声鲁棒CV SLC方法,并将它们适应为RS的多标签噪声方案。在实验过程中,我们研究了不同类型的多标签噪声的影响,并严格评估了改编的方法。为此,我们还引入了一种合成的多标签噪声注入策略,与统一的标签噪声注入策略相比,该策略更适合模拟操作场景,在该策略中,缺少和当前类的标签以均匀的概率上翻转。此外,我们研究了嘈杂的多标签下不同评估指标在MLC问题中的相关性。
The development of accurate methods for multi-label classification (MLC) of remote sensing (RS) images is one of the most important research topics in RS. To address MLC problems, the use of deep neural networks that require a high number of reliable training images annotated by multiple land-cover class labels (multi-labels) has been found popular in RS. However, collecting such annotations is time-consuming and costly. A common procedure to obtain annotations at zero labeling cost is to rely on thematic products or crowdsourced labels. As a drawback, these procedures come with the risk of label noise that can distort the learning process of the MLC algorithms. In the literature, most label noise robust methods are designed for single-label classification (SLC) problems in computer vision (CV), where each image is annotated by a single label. Unlike SLC, label noise in MLC can be associated with: 1) subtractive label-noise (a land cover class label is not assigned to an image while that class is present in the image); 2) additive label-noise (a land cover class label is assigned to an image although that class is not present in the given image); and 3) mixed label-noise (a combination of both). In this paper, we investigate three different noise robust CV SLC methods and adapt them to be robust for multi-label noise scenarios in RS. During experiments, we study the effects of different types of multi-label noise and evaluate the adapted methods rigorously. To this end, we also introduce a synthetic multi-label noise injection strategy that is more adequate to simulate operational scenarios compared to the uniform label noise injection strategy, in which the labels of absent and present classes are flipped at uniform probability. Further, we study the relevance of different evaluation metrics in MLC problems under noisy multi-labels.