论文标题
天体物理随机重力波背景散射出大量物体的玻尔兹曼方程
Boltzmann equations for astrophysical Stochastic Gravitational Wave Backgrounds scattering off of massive objects
论文作者
论文摘要
这项工作介绍了一组耦合的玻尔兹曼方程,描述了SGWB的强度和极化参数。还包括碰撞条款,这些碰撞术语还包括重力康普顿从大量物体中散射出来。该集合类似于CMB Stokes参数,但是引力辐射的不同自旋性质以及散射过程中涉及的物理学决定了至关重要的差异。在这种情况下,由于横截面的卢瑟福角依赖性,$ \ ell $的所有SGWB强度多物都会散布,如果它们存在于输入辐射中,则会产生任何顺序$ \ ell $的外向强度各向异性。另一方面,可以以$ M = \ pm 4 $和$ \ ell \ ge 4 $的球形谐波为基础扩展SGWB线性极化模式。这意味着SGWB极化模式只能由仅具有$ M = \ pm 4 $的非极化各向异性辐射产生,因此在输入强度中至少需要至少一个十六进制的各向异性($ \ ell \ ge 4 $)。假设有一个简化的玩具模型,我们可以通过分析求解耦合的玻尔兹曼方程集,以获得强度和极化角功率谱的明确表达式。我们确认重力康普顿散射对SGWB弧状的贡献极为小,对于在当前和即将进行的调查的频率范围内与紧凑物体的碰撞。此处介绍的耦合Boltzmann方程系统为准确估计了由大量物体中多个SGWB散射过程产生的各向异性的总量,以及在宇宙LSS跨LSS的GW传播期间极化和强度之间的相互作用。鉴于即将到来的引力波观测,这些结果将可用于全面治疗天体物理SWGB各向异性。
This work presents a set of coupled Boltzmann equations describing the intensity and polarisation Stokes parameters of the SGWB. Collision terms, which account for gravitational Compton scattering off of massive objects, are also included. This set resembles that for the CMB Stokes parameters, but the different spin nature of the gravitational radiation and the physics involved in the scattering process determine crucial differences. In this case, due to the Rutherford angular dependence of the cross section, all the SGWB intensity multipoles of order $\ell$ are scattered out, producing outgoing intensity anisotropies of any order $\ell$ if they are present in the incoming radiation. On the other hand, SGWB linear polarisation modes can be expanded in a basis of spherical harmonics with $m=\pm 4$ and $\ell\ge 4$. This means that SGWB polarisation modes can be generated from unpolarised anisotropic radiation only with $m=\pm 4$, therefore requiring at least a hexadecapole anisotropy ($\ell\ge 4$) in the incoming intensity. Assuming a simplified toy model, we solve analytically the set of coupled Boltzmann equations to get explicit expressions for the intensity and polarisation angular power spectra. We confirm the contribution of the gravitational Compton scattering to the SGWB anisoptropies is extremely small for collisions with compact objects in the frequency range of current and upcoming surveys. The system of coupled Boltzmann equations presented here provides a way to an accurate estimate of the total amount of anisotropies generated by multiple SGWB scattering processes off of massive objects, as well as the interplay between polarisation and intensity, during the GW propagation across the LSS of the universe. These results will be useful for the full treatment of the astrophysical SWGB anisotropies in view of upcoming gravitational waves observatories.