论文标题
Link-Backdoor:通过节点注射对链接预测的后门攻击
Link-Backdoor: Backdoor Attack on Link Prediction via Node Injection
论文作者
论文摘要
链接预测,推断出图的未发现或潜在链接,被广泛应用于现实世界中。通过促进图表的标记链接作为训练数据,已经研究了许多基于深度学习的链接预测方法,与非深度方法相比,它们具有主导的预测准确性。但是,恶意制作的训练图的威胁将在深层模型中留下特定的后门,因此,当一些特定的示例被馈入模型时,它将做出错误的预测,定义为后门攻击。这是当前文献中忽略的重要方面。在本文中,我们促使后门攻击对链接预测的概念,并提出Link-backdoor以揭示现有链接预测方法的训练漏洞。具体而言,链接 - 贝克门将假节点与目标链接的节点结合在一起,形成触发器。此外,它通过目标模型的梯度信息来优化触发器。因此,在后门数据集中训练的链接预测模型将预测与目标状态触发的链接。在五个基准数据集和五个表现良好的链路预测模型上进行的广泛实验表明,链接 - 贝克门都在白色框(即目标模型参数的可用)和黑框(即目标模型参数不可避免的情况)下实现了最先进的攻击成功率。此外,我们在防御情况下作证了攻击,结果表明,链接 - 背部门仍然可以构建对表现良好的链接预测方法的成功攻击。代码和数据可在https://github.com/seaocn/link-backdoor上找到。
Link prediction, inferring the undiscovered or potential links of the graph, is widely applied in the real-world. By facilitating labeled links of the graph as the training data, numerous deep learning based link prediction methods have been studied, which have dominant prediction accuracy compared with non-deep methods. However,the threats of maliciously crafted training graph will leave a specific backdoor in the deep model, thus when some specific examples are fed into the model, it will make wrong prediction, defined as backdoor attack. It is an important aspect that has been overlooked in the current literature. In this paper, we prompt the concept of backdoor attack on link prediction, and propose Link-Backdoor to reveal the training vulnerability of the existing link prediction methods. Specifically, the Link-Backdoor combines the fake nodes with the nodes of the target link to form a trigger. Moreover, it optimizes the trigger by the gradient information from the target model. Consequently, the link prediction model trained on the backdoored dataset will predict the link with trigger to the target state. Extensive experiments on five benchmark datasets and five well-performing link prediction models demonstrate that the Link-Backdoor achieves the state-of-the-art attack success rate under both white-box (i.e., available of the target model parameter)and black-box (i.e., unavailable of the target model parameter) scenarios. Additionally, we testify the attack under defensive circumstance, and the results indicate that the Link-Backdoor still can construct successful attack on the well-performing link prediction methods. The code and data are available at https://github.com/Seaocn/Link-Backdoor.