论文标题
在存在未观察到的变量的情况下,基于订购的新方法为因果结构学习
Novel Ordering-based Approaches for Causal Structure Learning in the Presence of Unobserved Variables
论文作者
论文摘要
我们提出了基于订购的方法,用于学习在没有观察到的变量的情况下,直至其马尔可夫等效类(MEC)的结构方程模型(SEM)的最大祖先图(MAG)。文献中的现有基于订购的方法通过学习因果秩序(C-order)恢复了图。我们主张一个名为“可移动顺序”(R-rorder)的新颖秩序,因为它们比结构学习的C端口有利。这是因为r-orders是一个适当定义的优化问题的最小化,可以准确解决(使用强化学习方法)或大约(使用爬山搜索)。此外,在MEC中的所有图中,R-orders(与C-orders不同)是不变的,并将C-orders作为子集。鉴于一组R-orders通常比C-orders集大得多,因此优化问题更容易找到R级而不是C级。我们评估了我们在现实世界和随机生成的网络上提出的方法的性能和可扩展性。
We propose ordering-based approaches for learning the maximal ancestral graph (MAG) of a structural equation model (SEM) up to its Markov equivalence class (MEC) in the presence of unobserved variables. Existing ordering-based methods in the literature recover a graph through learning a causal order (c-order). We advocate for a novel order called removable order (r-order) as they are advantageous over c-orders for structure learning. This is because r-orders are the minimizers of an appropriately defined optimization problem that could be either solved exactly (using a reinforcement learning approach) or approximately (using a hill-climbing search). Moreover, the r-orders (unlike c-orders) are invariant among all the graphs in a MEC and include c-orders as a subset. Given that set of r-orders is often significantly larger than the set of c-orders, it is easier for the optimization problem to find an r-order instead of a c-order. We evaluate the performance and the scalability of our proposed approaches on both real-world and randomly generated networks.