论文标题

印度城市外部出入的流动性中的性别差距

Gender gap in mobility outside home in urban India

论文作者

Goel, Rahul

论文摘要

印度是世界上性别不平等最高的水平之一。妇女的工作参与率是最低的,性别差距很大。有隔离规范限制了户外妇女的流动性。但是,印度的运输文献并未探讨这种缺乏自治对旅行需求性别差异的影响。我使用2019年印度人口代表性的全国时间使用时间调查。该数据集报告了24小时内的30分钟发作中的旅行和非旅行活动。对于城市居民,我分析了行程率和行动率的性别差异,后者被定义为报告日至少一次出门的百分比。我在单个层面上开发了性别分层的逻辑回归模型,并以二进制结果为单位。发现有53%的女性没有报告出门,而男性只有14%。女性的活动能力从青春期陡峭地降低到成年年轻,然后在很大程度上保持稳定,然后再减少老年人。在男性中没有观察到这种差异,但老年人的迁移率也降低了。大多数人参加内部活动的女性有明显的二分法,而男性主要参与户外活动。青春期或成年,婚姻,与一个或多个家庭成员同住,在众议院有一个婴儿,较低的收入和较少的教育与女性流动性的较低可能性有关。我讨论了这些性别差异在流动性中的许多含义。

India has one of the highest levels of gender inequality in the world. Work participation rate of women is among the lowest with a wide gender gap. There are seclusion norms that restrict mobility of women outside home. However, transport literature in India has not explored the impact of this lack of autonomy on gender differences in travel demand. I use 2019 population-representative nationwide time-use survey of India. The dataset reported both travel and non-travel activities in 30-minute episodes over a 24-hour period. For urban residents, I analysed gender differences in trip rates and mobility rates, where the latter is defined as the percentage going out of home at least once on the reporting day. I developed gender-stratified logistic regression models at the individual level with mobility as a binary outcome. It was found that 53% of the females did not report going out of home compared to only 14% males. The mobility of females reduces steeply from adolescence to young adulthood and then remains largely stable at a low level before reducing further for older adults. No such variation is observed among males, except their mobility is also reduced among older adults. There is a clear dichotomy with women mostly participating in in-house activities while men mostly involved in out-of-home activities. Adolescence or adulthood, marriage, living with one or more household members, having an infant in the house, lower income, and less education are associated with lower likelihood of female mobility. I discuss many implications of these gender differences in mobility.

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