论文标题
电旋转域壁揭示了电二极管第二谐波生成显微镜
Ferro-rotational domain walls revealed by electric quadrupole second harmonic generation microscopy
论文作者
论文摘要
域壁无处不在,在经历自发对称性破坏驱动的相变的材料中。铁族和多表情中的域壁最近由于其与域的相差不同,例如,它们的高迁移率和可控性以及它们在纳米电子学中的潜在应用,最近受到了极大的关注。但是,检测,可视化和研究铁旋转(FR)结构域壁是极其挑战的,因为与铁磁性(FM)和铁电(FE)相比,FR顺序在空间侵入和时间转换过程中是不变的,因此与传统的实验性探针差异很难。在这里,超敏感的电力四极杆(EQ)第二次谐波旋转各向异性(SHG ra)对fr候选$ \ mathrm {nitio_ {3}} $进行了调查,以探测两个变性FR域状态的点对称性,显示了垂直镜面镜面操作,显示出垂直镜面操作,这些镜像由下面的垂直镜面操作损坏了。然后,我们通过扫描EQ SHG显微镜来可视化真实空间的FR域,并通过揭示域壁上抑制的SHG强度进一步解决FR域壁。通过进行局部EQ SHG RA测量值,我们显示了FR域壁上的镜像对称性的恢复,并证明了它们非常规的非极性性质。我们的发现不仅提供了对FR域墙壁的全面见解,而且还为对非常规铁族的域壁研究展示了一种独特而有力的工具,这两者都为FR域墙的未来操作和应用铺平了道路。
Domain walls are ubiquitous in materials that undergo phase transitions driven by spontaneous symmetry breaking. Domain walls in ferroics and multiferroics have received tremendous attention recently due to their emergent properties distinct from their domain counterparts, for example, their high mobility and controllability, as well as their potential applications in nanoelectronics. However, it is extremely challenging to detect, visualize and study the ferro-rotational (FR) domain walls because the FR order, in contrast to ferromagnetism (FM) and ferroelectricity (FE), is invariant under both the spatial-inversion and the time-reversal operations and thus hardly couple with conventional experimental probes. Here, an FR candidate $\mathrm{NiTiO_{3}}$ is investigated by ultrasensitive electric quadrupole (EQ) second harmonic generation rotational anisotropy (SHG RA) to probe the point symmetries of the two degenerate FR domain states, showing their relation by the vertical mirror operations that are broken below the FR critical temperature. We then visualize the real-space FR domains by scanning EQ SHG microscopy, and further resolve the FR domain walls by revealing a suppressed SHG intensity at domain walls. By taking local EQ SHG RA measurements, we show the restoration of the mirror symmetry at FR domain walls and prove their unconventional nonpolar nature. Our findings not only provide a comprehensive insight into FR domain walls, but also demonstrate a unique and powerful tool for future studies on domain walls of unconventional ferroics, both of which pave the way towards future manipulations and applications of FR domain walls.