论文标题
QCD时期PBH形成的模拟并与GWTC-3目录进行了比较
Simulations of PBH formation at the QCD epoch and comparison with the GWTC-3 catalog
论文作者
论文摘要
已知原始黑洞（PBH）形成的概率由于状态方程的略有降低而在量子染色体动力学（QCD）跨界期间得到增强。这在PBH质量分布中引起了高峰值和其他特征。但是，到目前为止，PBH形成过程中这种变异的影响已经忽略了。在这项工作中，我们首次通过考虑QCD时期的状态方程式来模拟PBH的形成，使用不同的曲率谱图计算过度密度阈值，并发现所得的PBH质量分布受到显着影响。早期和晚期PBH二进制文件的预期合并利率分布与从GWTC-3目录中推断出的PBH的暗物质分数在$ 0.1 <f _ {\ rm pbh} <1 $中的暗物质分数相当。从体积敏感性估算的重力波事件的分布可以解释$ 30-50 m_ \ odot $的合并，具有GW190814等不对称质量，或者在诸如GW190521（GW190521）的配对质量差距中。但是，所有考虑的病例都没有导致多模式分布，次级峰值约为$ 8-15 m_ \ odot $，正如GWTC-3目录所建议的那样，可能表明了大量的天体物理和原始黑洞。
The probability of primordial black hole (PBH) formation is known to be boosted during the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) crossover due to a slight reduction of the equation of state. This induces a high peak and other features in the PBH mass distribution. But the impact of this variation during the PBH formation has been so far neglected. In this work we simulate for the first time the formation of PBHs by taking into account the varying equation of state at the QCD epoch, compute the over-density threshold using different curvature profiles and find that the resulting PBH mass distributions are significantly impacted. The expected merger rate distributions of early and late PBH binaries is comparable to the ones inferred from the GWTC-3 catalog for dark matter fractions in PBHs within $0.1 < f_{\rm PBH} <1 $. The distribution of gravitational-wave events estimated from the volume sensitivity could explain mergers around $30-50 M_\odot$, with asymmetric masses like GW190814, or in the pair-instability mass gap like GW190521. However, none of the considered cases leads to a multi-modal distribution with a secondary peak around $8-15 M_\odot$, as suggested by the GWTC-3 catalog, possibly pointing to a mixed population of astrophysical and primordial black holes.
