论文标题
部分可观测时空混沌系统的无模型预测
Emergent phenomena in Nature: a paradox with Theory?
论文作者
论文摘要
各种物理现象的存在源于称为渐近出现的概念，也就是说，它们似乎仅用于某些限制理论。重要的例子是自发对称性破坏（SSB）和相变：这些仅发生在基础有限量子系统的经典或热力学极限中，因为由于有限量子系统，由于相关状态的独特性，这种现象被理论排除在外。然而，在自然界中，描述真实材料的有限量子系统清楚地表现出了这种影响。在本文中，我们讨论了这些显然是``矛盾的''现象，并概述了从物理和数学的角度来看理论和现实的各种思想和机制。
The existence of various physical phenomena stems from the concept called asymptotic emergence, that is, they seem to be exclusively reserved for certain limiting theories. Important examples are spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) and phase transitions: these would only occur in the classical or thermodynamic limit of underlying finite quantum systems, since for finite quantum systems, due to the uniqueness of the relevant states, such phenomena are excluded by Theory. In Nature, however, finite quantum systems describing real materials clearly exhibit such effects. In this paper we discuss these apparently ``paradoxical'' phenomena and outline various ideas and mechanisms that encompass both theory and reality, from physical and mathematical points of view.
