论文标题
部分可观测时空混沌系统的无模型预测
Neutrino Geoscience: Review, survey, future prospects
论文作者
论文摘要
地球表面热通量为46 $ \ pm $ 3 TW（Terrawatts，10 $^{12} $瓦）。尽管许多人认为我们知道地球产生元件的丰度和分布（即U，Th和K），但估计地幔的热量产量的估计值会因数量级而变化，而最近的粒子物理学发现却挑战了我们主要的范式。地质学家预测地球的放射力预算为20 $ \ pm $ 10 tw，而粒子物理实验预测15.3 $^{+4.9} _ { - 4.9} $ TW（日本Kamland，日本）和38.2 $^{+13.6} _ {+13.6} _ { - 12.7} _ { - 12.7} $ tw（borexino，Italy）。 我们欢迎这个机会突出物理界提供的根本重要的资源，并引起人们对与地球地质特征相关的缺点的关注。我们回顾了基于大陆的物理实验的发现，地质的预测，并评估物理测量和大陆岩石圈和潜在地幔的预测模型之间的不合适程度。因为我们对大陆的了解有些不确定（7.1 $^{+2.1} _ { - 1.6} $ TW），所以在地幔中的放射原源性模型（3.5至32 TW）和散装的硅酸盐（collust plus mantle）继续以$ \ sim $ \ sim $ 10和$ \ sim $ sim $ \ sim nsim不确定。检测海洋中的地球植物信号，远离大陆的影响，提供了解决这种张力的潜力。中微子地球科学是一种强大的新工具，可以询问大陆地壳和地幔及其结构的组成。
The earth's surface heat flux is 46$\pm$3 TW (terrawatts, 10$^{12}$ watts). Although many assume we know the earth's abundance and distribution of radioactive heat producing elements (i.e., U, Th, and K), estimates for the mantle's heat production varying by an order of magnitude and recent particle physics findings challenge our dominant paradigm. Geologists predict the earth's budget of radiogenic power at 20$\pm$10 TW, whereas particle physics experiments predict 15.3$^{+4.9}_{-4.9}$ TW (KamLAND, Japan) and 38.2$^{+13.6}_{-12.7}$ TW (Borexino, Italy). We welcome this opportunity to highlight the fundamentally important resource offered by the physics community and call attention to the shortcomings associated with the characterization of the geology of the earth. We review the findings from continent-based, physics experiments, the predictions from geology, and assess the degree of misfit between the physics measurements and predicted models of the continental lithosphere and underlying mantle. Because our knowledge of the continents is somewhat uncertain (7.1$^{+2.1}_{-1.6}$ TW), models for the radiogenic power in the mantle (3.5 to 32 TW) and the bulk silicate earth (crust plus mantle) continue to be uncertain by a factor of $\sim$10 and $\sim$4, respectively. Detection of a geoneutrino signal in the ocean, far from the influence of continents, offers the potential to resolve this tension. Neutrino geoscience is a powerful new tool to interrogate the composition of the continental crust and mantle and its structures.
