论文标题

小体的潮汐变形和产生的光曲线的数值模拟:99942 apophis的材料限制和1i/`oumuamua

Numerical Simulations of Tidal Deformation and Resulting Light Curves of Small Bodies: Material Constraints of 99942 Apophis and 1I/`Oumuamua

论文作者

Taylor, Aster G., Seligman, Darryl Z., MacAyeal, Douglas R., Hainaut, Olivier R., Meech, Karen J.

论文摘要

在本文中,我们提出了一个开源软件($ \ texttt {samus} $),该软件模拟了恒定密度,恒定粘度的液体,以潮汐力为潮汐力,以适应一系列假定的粘粘剂和尺寸。该软件在有限元网格上求解了Navier-Stokes方程,并结合了离心,科里奥利,自我散热和潮汐力。主要功能是在潮汐力的影响下模拟次要物体的变形。因此,它可用于约束具有重要潮汐力的物体的组成和物理结构,例如99942 apophis和1i/`oumuamua。我们证明,$ \ texttt {samus} $在2029年在其近地球飞行期间限制Apophis的材料特性很有用。根据材料的不同,Apophis可能会经历高达0.5 \%的区域,对光度明亮度的效果相似。我们还应用$ \ texttt {samus} $来限制1i/`oumuamua的材料动态粘度,这是第一个发现穿越内部太阳系的星际对象。 `oumuamua在围底里翁($ q \ simeq 0.25 $ au)上经历了一种密切的方法,在此期间,存在可能导致人体变形的巨大潮汐力。这种变形可能会导致基于材料特性的光度光曲线的可观察变化。 $ \ texttt {samus} $的应用来产生合成观测值,其中包含潮汐变形效应表明,没有变形 - 无限的动态粘度 - 最好再现光度数据。尽管这些结果表明`oumuamua没有遇到明显的潮汐变形,但必须结合非首脑轴旋转的复杂模型才能最终分析`oumuamua和apophis。

In this paper, we present an open source software ($\texttt{SAMUS}$) which simulates constant-density, constant-viscosity liquid bodies subject to tidal forces for a range of assumed viscosites and sizes. This software solves the Navier-Stokes equations on a finite-element mesh, incorporating the centrifugal, Coriolis, self-gravitational, and tidal forces. The primary functionality is to simulate the deformation of minor bodies under the influence of tidal forces. It may therefore be used to constrain the composition and physical structure of bodies experiencing significant tidal forces, such as 99942 Apophis and 1I/`Oumuamua. We demonstrate that $\texttt{SAMUS}$ will be useful to constrain the material properties of Apophis during its near-Earth flyby in 2029. Depending on the material properties, Apophis may experience an area change of up to 0.5\%, with similar effects on the photometric brightness. We also apply $\texttt{SAMUS}$ to constrain the material dynamic viscosity of 1I/`Oumuamua, the first interstellar object discovered traversing the inner Solar System. `Oumuamua experienced a close approach to the Sun at perihelion ($q\simeq 0.25$ au) during which there were significant tidal forces that may have caused deformation of the body. This deformation could have lead to observable changes in the photometric light curve based on the material properties. The application of $\texttt{SAMUS}$ to produce synthetic observations which incorporate tidal deformation effects demonstrate that no deformation -- an infinite dynamic viscosity -- best reproduces the photometric data. While these results indicate that `Oumuamua did not experience significant tidal deformation, a sophisticated model incorporating non-principal axis rotation is necessary to conclusively analyze both `Oumuamua and Apophis.

扫码加入交流群

加入微信交流群

微信交流群二维码

扫码加入学术交流群,获取更多资源