论文标题
Fermi-lat检测Bl lacertae的微小伽马射线可变性
Detection of minute-timescale gamma-ray variability in BL Lacertae by Fermi-LAT
论文作者
论文摘要
Bl lacertae是Bl lacertae(Bl lac)类别的原型,在2021年4月进行了巨大的$γ-$ ray Flare。大面积望远镜(LAT)在费米语伽玛 - 雷米 - 射线太空望远镜(herefter fermi-lat)上观察到了峰10 $^{ - 5} $光子CM $^{ - 2} $ s $^{ - 1} $在2021年4月27日的单个轨道内,这是从历史上看是从源中检测到的最明亮的$γ-$ ray Flux。在这里,我们首次报告了Fermi-Lat的BL LAC子类中大量的分钟GEV $γ-$ ray通量变异性。我们将源可变性降低到2分钟的binned TimeScales,其中助焊度的时间为$ \ sim $ 1分钟,这是Glazars有史以来最短的GEV可变性时间尺度。检测到的可变性时间尺度比BL LAC的中央黑洞的轻盘时间($ \ sim 14 $分钟)短得多,表明在流出的喷气机中有非常紧凑的$γ-$ ray排放位点。这种紧凑的发射区域要求射流的大量洛伦兹因子大于16,因此喷射功率不是超级爱丁顿。我们发现使用$δ$函数近似$γγ$不透明度约束的最小多普勒因子$δ_{min} $ 15的$ 15。对于锥形喷气几何形状,考虑到$γ=δ__{min} $,观察到的短变性时间尺度表明,非常紧凑的发射区域位于约8.62 $ \ times $ 10 $^{14} $ cm,距离BL LAC的中央发动机。
BL Lacertae, the prototype of the BL Lacertae (BL Lac) category of blazars, underwent a giant $γ-$ray flare in April 2021. The Large Area Telescope (LAT) onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (hereafter Fermi-LAT) observed a peak $γ-$ray (0.1$-$500 GeV) flux of $\sim$2 $\times$ 10$^{-5}$ photons cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ within a single orbit on 2021 April 27, which is historically the brightest $γ-$ray flux ever detected from the source. Here, we report, for the first time, the detection of significant minute-timescale GeV $γ-$ray flux variability in the BL Lac subclass of blazars by the Fermi-LAT. We resolved the source variability down to 2-min binned timescales with a flux halving time of $\sim$1 minute, which is the shortest GeV variability timescale ever observed from blazars. The detected variability timescale is much shorter than the light-crossing time ($\sim 14$ minutes) across the central black hole of BL Lac indicating a very compact $γ-$ray emission site within the outflowing jet. Such a compact emitting region requires the bulk Lorentz factor of the jet to be larger than 16 so that the jet power is not super Eddington. We found a minimum Doppler factor $δ_{min}$ of 15 using the $δ$ function approximation for the $γγ$ opacity constraint. For a conical jet geometry, considering $Γ= δ_{min}$, the observed short variability timescale suggests the very compact emission region to lie at a distance of about 8.62 $\times$ 10$^{14}$ cm from the central engine of BL Lac.