论文标题

1849年的比例转移:海因里希·施瓦贝(Heinrich Schwabe)到鲁道夫·沃尔夫(Rudolf Wolf)

Scale Transfer in 1849 : Heinrich Schwabe to Rudolf Wolf

论文作者

Bhattacharya, Shreya, Lefevre, Laure, Hayakawa, Hisashi, Jansen, Maarten, Clette, Frederic

论文摘要

这项研究的重点是揭示1849年左右在国际黑子数字系列的历史版本(即版本1)中发现的量表问题的原因(Leussu等人,天文学和天体物理学,559,A28,2013; Friedli,Solar Phys.291,2505,2016)。从1826年到1848年,鲁道夫·沃尔夫(Rudolf Wolf)认为,海因里希·施瓦贝(Heinrich Schwabe)的观察结果是主要的观察,而主要观察者在1849年将主要观察者从施瓦贝(Schwabe)转移到狼,这似乎导致了黑子数字系列的不一致。在这项研究中,我们从各种数据集中受益,最重要的是Schwabe从Mittheilungen(Wolf教授的期刊)中的原始计数(在2017年至2019年之间的皇家比利时观测员)中进行了数字化处理。我们在洛克布拉(Gluebraic)的范围内使用经典的替代方法(如洛克斯(Locke))(如洛克斯(Lock)相比,我们还提供了众多的loce and equiend equiend equile sign equil aightect(and of loge new seive seive seive sign equiew sign of loge aighte) 119(7),5172,2014),因此在1849年之前将现代的K因子分配给Schwabe的观察结果。我们还评估了这种1849年对国际太阳点数序列(版本1和2)的含义。

The focus of this study is to reveal the reason behind a scale problem detected around 1849 in the historical version of the International Sunspot Number Series, i.e. version 1 (Leussu et al, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 559, A28, 2013; Friedli, Solar Phys.291, 2505, 2016). From 1826 to 1848 Heinrich Schwabe's observations were considered primary by Rudolf Wolf, and a shift of primary observer from Schwabe to Wolf in 1849 seems to have led to an inconsistency in the Sunspot Number series. In this study we benefited from various datasets, the most important being Schwabe's raw counts from the Mittheilungen (Prof. Wolf's Journals) that have been digitised at the Royal Observatory of Belgium between 2017 and 2019. We provide a robust quantification of the detected problem by using classic algebraic calculations but also different methods such as a method inspired by Lockwood et al (Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 119(7), 5172, 2014), hence assigning a modern k-factor to Schwabe's observations before 1849. We also assess the implications of this 1849 inconsistency on the International Sunspot Number series (Versions 1 and 2) before and after 1849.

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