论文标题
NISQ时代的QKD：通过量子误差校正提高安全密钥速率
QKD in the NISQ era: enhancing secure key rates via quantum error correction
论文作者
论文摘要
缓解错误是实现量子加密协议的全部潜力的关键挑战之一。因此，对从量子误差校正（QEC）的调整技术的适应技术非常感兴趣，以改善量子加密协议的鲁棒性。在这项工作中，我们在嘈杂的量子设备上对不同的QKD协议的性能进行了基准测试，并且没有校正错误。我们在量子通道上获得了BB84，B92和BBM92 QKD协议的安全密钥速率，该量子通道受到振幅阻尼噪声的影响。我们在理论上并通过对IBM量子处理器的实现来证明，B92是振幅阻尼和广义振幅阻尼噪声下的最佳协议。然后，我们证明嘈杂的BBM92协议的安全性至关重要地取决于纠缠对的类型和分布方式。最后，我们使用在嘈杂的量子处理器上使用双轨编码实现了错误校正的BB84协议，并证明双轨BB84实现在存在噪声的情况下优于常规BB84。我们的安全密钥计算还考虑了CNOT缺陷对协议错误率的影响。
Error mitigation is one of the key challenges in realising the full potential of quantum cryptographic protocols. Consequently, there is a lot of interest in adapting techniques from quantum error correction (QEC) to improve the robustness of quantum cryptographic protocols. In this work, we benchmark the performance of different QKD protocols on noisy quantum devices, with and without error correction. We obtain the secure key rates of BB84, B92 and BBM92 QKD protocols over a quantum channel that is subject to amplitude-damping noise. We demonstrate, theoretically and via implementations on the IBM quantum processors, that B92 is the optimal protocol under amplitude-damping and generalized amplitude-damping noise. We then show that the security of the noisy BBM92 protocol crucially depends on the type and the mode of distribution of an entangled pair. Finally, we implement an error-corrected BB84 protocol using dual-rail encoding on a noisy quantum processor, and show that the dual-rail BB84 implementation outperforms the conventional BB84 in the presence of noise. Our secure key rate calculation also takes into account the effects of CNOT imperfections on the error rates of the protocols.
