论文标题

弥合差距 - 完全对流星的中间周期间隙的消失,新ZTF旋转周期发现

Bridging the gap -- the disappearance of the intermediate period gap for fully convective stars, uncovered by new ZTF rotation periods

论文作者

Lu, Yuxi, Curtis, Jason L., Angus, Ruth, David, Trevor J., Hattori, Soichiro

论文摘要

Kepler发现的中间周期间隙是温度周期图中观察到的恒星旋转期的缺乏,$ \ sim $ \ sim $ 20天,G矮人的$ \ sim $ \ sim $ \ sim $ \ sim $ \ sim $ \ sim $ 30天,早期m矮人的$ 30天。但是,由于开普勒主要针对的太阳能恒星,因此缺乏M矮人的测量周期,尤其是那些完全对流极限的时期。因此,目前尚不清楚中间时期的中间差距是否存在于中期至后期矮人。在这里,我们提供了一个时期目录,其中包含40,553个旋转期(9,535个时期$> $ 10天),该目录使用Zwicky Transient设施(ZTF)测量。为了测量这些时期,我们开发了一条简单的管道,该管道直接在ZTF档案光曲线上改进,并平均将光度散射降低26%。这个新的目录跨越了一系列恒星温度,这些温度将来自开普勒的样本与Mearth(对明亮的M-dwarfs的基于地面的时域调查),并揭示了中间周期的差距在理论上预测的完全对流边界的位置闭合($ g _ {\ rm bp} - bp} - g _ $ rm rm rp} \ rm rm rp} \ rm rp}。该结果支持以下假设:差距是由核心 - 内玻璃相互作用引起的。使用陀螺仪年龄,我们还发现了在此期间间隙中潜在的恒星快速旋转。

The intermediate period gap, discovered by Kepler, is an observed dearth of stellar rotation periods in the temperature-period diagram at $\sim$ 20 days for G dwarfs and up to $\sim$ 30 days for early-M dwarfs. However, because Kepler mainly targeted solar-like stars, there is a lack of measured periods for M dwarfs, especially those at the fully convective limit. Therefore it is unclear if the intermediate period gap exists for mid- to late-M dwarfs. Here, we present a period catalog containing 40,553 rotation periods (9,535 periods $>$ 10 days), measured using the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). To measure these periods, we developed a simple pipeline that improves directly on the ZTF archival light curves and reduces the photometric scatter by 26%, on average. This new catalog spans a range of stellar temperatures that connect samples from Kepler with MEarth, a ground-based time domain survey of bright M-dwarfs, and reveals that the intermediate period gap closes at the theoretically predicted location of the fully convective boundary ($G_{\rm BP} - G_{\rm RP} \sim 2.45$ mag). This result supports the hypothesis that the gap is caused by core-envelope interactions. Using gyro-kinematic ages, we also find a potential rapid spin-down of stars across this period gap.

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