论文标题
弥合差距 - 完全对流星的中间周期间隙的消失,新ZTF旋转周期发现
Bridging the gap -- the disappearance of the intermediate period gap for fully convective stars, uncovered by new ZTF rotation periods
论文作者
论文摘要
Kepler发现的中间周期间隙是温度周期图中观察到的恒星旋转期的缺乏,$ \ sim $ \ sim $ 20天,G矮人的$ \ sim $ \ sim $ \ sim $ \ sim $ \ sim $ \ sim $ 30天,早期m矮人的$ 30天。但是,由于开普勒主要针对的太阳能恒星,因此缺乏M矮人的测量周期,尤其是那些完全对流极限的时期。因此,目前尚不清楚中间时期的中间差距是否存在于中期至后期矮人。在这里,我们提供了一个时期目录,其中包含40,553个旋转期(9,535个时期$> $ 10天),该目录使用Zwicky Transient设施(ZTF)测量。为了测量这些时期,我们开发了一条简单的管道,该管道直接在ZTF档案光曲线上改进,并平均将光度散射降低26%。这个新的目录跨越了一系列恒星温度,这些温度将来自开普勒的样本与Mearth(对明亮的M-dwarfs的基于地面的时域调查),并揭示了中间周期的差距在理论上预测的完全对流边界的位置闭合($ g _ {\ rm bp} - bp} - g _ $ rm rm rp} \ rm rm rp} \ rm rp}。该结果支持以下假设:差距是由核心 - 内玻璃相互作用引起的。使用陀螺仪年龄,我们还发现了在此期间间隙中潜在的恒星快速旋转。
The intermediate period gap, discovered by Kepler, is an observed dearth of stellar rotation periods in the temperature-period diagram at $\sim$ 20 days for G dwarfs and up to $\sim$ 30 days for early-M dwarfs. However, because Kepler mainly targeted solar-like stars, there is a lack of measured periods for M dwarfs, especially those at the fully convective limit. Therefore it is unclear if the intermediate period gap exists for mid- to late-M dwarfs. Here, we present a period catalog containing 40,553 rotation periods (9,535 periods $>$ 10 days), measured using the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). To measure these periods, we developed a simple pipeline that improves directly on the ZTF archival light curves and reduces the photometric scatter by 26%, on average. This new catalog spans a range of stellar temperatures that connect samples from Kepler with MEarth, a ground-based time domain survey of bright M-dwarfs, and reveals that the intermediate period gap closes at the theoretically predicted location of the fully convective boundary ($G_{\rm BP} - G_{\rm RP} \sim 2.45$ mag). This result supports the hypothesis that the gap is caused by core-envelope interactions. Using gyro-kinematic ages, we also find a potential rapid spin-down of stars across this period gap.