论文标题
中子照射通过中子辐照生产强烈的γ-光子和高能电子：核激发对反应堆材料的影响
Intense γ-photon and high-energy electron production by neutron irradiation: effects of nuclear excitations on reactor materials
论文作者
论文摘要
中子辐照对材料的影响通常是用原子后坐力来解释的，由中子撞击和产生晶体晶格缺陷引发。此外，还有一个显着的两步过程，在中等重量元素中强烈发音。该过程涉及通过捕获和非弹性反应实现的中子与原子核的非弹性碰撞中产生能量γ光子。随后，高能电子通过原子电子散射γ光子而受到激发。我们得出并验证方程，可以对大部分材料中的中子产生的光子和电子通量进行快速且可靠的评估。两步的N-γ-E散射产生了高能电子的非平衡稳态人群，其光子和电子能的光谱很好地延伸到了巨型电子伏特元素中。这刺激了通过电子触发的原子后坐力刺激空置扩散，即使热激活无效，也主要涉及空置突破性解离。钨将融合或裂变中子的能量转化为γ辐射的通量，在转化效率接近99％的情况下，对结构材料，超导体和绝缘子以及诸如腐蚀，以及氦气和氢同位素的重新负责的现象产生了影响。
The effects of neutron irradiation on materials are often interpreted in terms of atomic recoils, initiated by neutron impacts and producing crystal lattice defects. In addition, there is a remarkable two-step process, strongly pronounced in the medium-weight and heavy elements. This process involves the generation of energetic γ photons in nonelastic collisions of neutrons with atomic nuclei, achieved via capture and inelastic reactions. Subsequently, high-energy electrons are excited through the scattering of γ photons by the atomic electrons. We derive and validate equations enabling a fast and robust evaluation of photon and electron fluxes produced by the neutrons in the bulk of materials. The two-step n-γ-e scattering creates a nonequilibrium dynamically fluctuating steady-state population of high-energy electrons, with the spectra of photon and electron energies extending well into the mega-electron-volt range. This stimulates vacancy diffusion through electron-triggered atomic recoils, primarily involving vacancy-impurity dissociation, even if thermal activation is ineffective. Tungsten converts the energy of fusion or fission neutrons into a flux of γ radiation at the conversion efficiency approaching 99%, with implications for structural materials, superconductors, and insulators, as well as phenomena like corrosion, and helium and hydrogen isotope retention.
