论文标题
检测引力波位移和旋转记忆效应的前景与当前和将来的重力探测器
Outlook for detecting the gravitational wave displacement and spin memory effects with current and future gravitational wave detectors
论文作者
论文摘要
引力波记忆的效应是由引力波信号的非振荡成分产生的，它们是非线性状态中一般相对性的预测，非线性与分离引力系统的渐近特性密切相关。文献中已经研究了许多类型的记忆效应。在本文中，我们着重于“位移”和“自旋”记忆，这些记忆预计将是来自Ligo和Pirgo已经检测到的二进制黑洞合并等来源的最大效果。位移记忆是由于引力波爆发而导致两个最初共同观察者的相对分离的变化，而旋转记忆是具有初始相对速度的观察者相对分离的一部分。由于这两种效果都很小，因此Ligo，处女座和Kagra只能检测到与迄今为止检测到的那些事件相比，这些事件的记忆效应要大得多。但是，通过结合多个事件的数据，可以在二进制合并的种群中检测到这些效果。在本文中，我们提供了有关当前和未来探测器需要运行多长时间的新预测，以便从二进制黑洞系统的种群中衡量这些效果，这些效果与Ligo和Virgo的前三个观察跑步所推论的人群一致。我们发现，在O4（“设计”）灵敏度运行的LIGO，处女座和Kagra的第二代探测器网络已有1。5年了，然后在O5（“ Plus”）灵敏度下运行一年可以检测到位移记忆。对于宇宙资源管理器，我们发现可以在单个大声事件中检测到位移记忆，并且可以在观察时间的2年内在人群中检测到旋转记忆。
Gravitational wave memory effects arise from non-oscillatory components of gravitational wave signals, and they are predictions of general relativity in the nonlinear regime that have close connections to the asymptotic properties of isolated gravitating systems. There are many types of memory effects that have been studied in the literature. In this paper we focus on the "displacement" and "spin" memories, which are expected to be the largest of these effects from sources such as the binary black hole mergers which have already been detected by LIGO and Virgo. The displacement memory is a change in the relative separation of two initially comoving observers due to a burst of gravitational waves, whereas the spin memory is a portion of the change in relative separation of observers with initial relative velocity. As both of these effects are small, LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA can only detect memory effects from individual events that are much louder (and thus rarer) than those that have been detected so far. By combining data from multiple events, however, these effects could be detected in a population of binary mergers. In this paper, we present new forecasts for how long current and future detectors will need to operate in order to measure these effects from populations of binary black hole systems that are consistent with the populations inferred from the detections from LIGO and Virgo's first three observing runs. We find that a second-generation detector network of LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA operating at the O4 ("design") sensitivity for 1.5 years and then operating at the O5 ("plus") sensitivity for an additional year can detect the displacement memory. For Cosmic Explorer, we find that displacement memory could be detected for individual loud events, and that the spin memory could be detected in a population within 2 years of observation time.
