论文标题
黑洞作为“时间胶囊”：宇宙学的背景和哈勃张力
Black Holes as "Time Capsules": A Cosmological Graviton Background and the Hubble Tension
论文作者
论文摘要
在结束前和通货膨胀之后，微小的原始黑洞可以用作“时间胶囊”，从而将过去从过去的时代带回到后来的时代。由于这些黑色孔的行为就像物质一样，虽然宇宙含量的其余部分像辐射一样，但这些黑洞的质量分数（在形成时很小，但都变得很大。如果足够小，这些黑洞将蒸发，而宇宙仍然以辐射为主。我们重新审视这个过程，并指出蒸发过程中产生的引力表现为``黑暗的辐射''。如果最初的黑洞是统一分布的，那么将是吸引人的，因此它们将不受丝绸的阻尼，并避免在“深色辐射”场景上进行当前的限制。哈勃的张力。
Minuscule primordial black holes before the end and after inflation can serve as "time capsules" bringing back energy from the past to a later epoch when they evaporate. As these black holes behave like matter, while the rest of the Universe content behaves like radiation, the mass fraction of these black holes, that is tiny at formation, becomes significant later. If sufficiently small, these black holes will evaporate while the Universe is still radiation dominated. We revisit this process and point out that gravitons produced during the evaporation behave as ``dark radiation". If the initial black holes are uniformly distributed so will be the gravitons and in this case they will be free of Silk damping and avoid current limits on "dark radiation" scenarios. Seeds for such black holes can arise during the last phases of inflation. We show here that with suitable parameters, this background graviton field can resolve the Hubble tension. We present current observational constraints on this scenario and suggest upcoming observational tests to prove or refute it. Finally, we also elaborate on the graviton background produced by particle annihilation during the Planck era or shortly after inflation.
