论文标题
追捕恒星冠状质量弹出
Hunting for stellar coronal mass ejections
论文作者
论文摘要
太阳耀斑通常伴有细丝/突出喷发，有时会导致冠状质量弹出（CME）。从类似的角度来看，我们期望恒星耀斑也与出色的CME有关，其特性对于了解对系外行星宜居性的影响至关重要。恒星CME的可能检测仍然很少见，但是在这十年中，有几个报道表明，M/k-dwarfs和Evolved Stars上的（超级）耀斑有时有时会显示出蓝色变速的光学/UV/X射线排放线，XUV/FUV DIMMing和无线电爆发。其中一些被解释为在酷星上的间接证据/CMES出色的阳性爆发证据。最近，即使是在年轻的太阳能恒星（G-dwarf）上，据报道，恒星细丝爆发的证据也可能导致CME，这是与超氟叶型相关的h $α$线的蓝移吸收。值得注意的是，超级流域的爆发质量大于最大的太阳CME的质量，表明对系外行星环境有严重影响。恒星CMES的动能与爆炸能量的比率明显小于太阳缩放关系的预期，并且这种差异仍在争论中。我们将回顾恒星CME研究的最新更新，并讨论本文的未来方向。
Solar flares are often accompanied by filament/prominence eruptions, sometimes leading to coronal mass ejections (CMEs). By analogy, we expect that stellar flares are also associated with stellar CMEs whose properties are essential to know the impact on exoplanet habitability. Probable detections of stellar CMEs are still rare, but in this decade, there are several reports that (super-)flares on M/K-dwarfs and evolved stars sometimes show blue-shifted optical/UV/X-ray emissions lines, XUV/FUV dimming, and radio bursts. Some of them are interpreted as indirect evidence of stellar prominence eruptions/CMEs on cool stars. More recently, evidence of stellar filament eruption, probably leading to a CME, is reported even on a young solar-type star (G-dwarf) as a blue-shifted absorption of H$α$ line associated with a superflare. Notably, the erupted masses for superflares are larger than those of the largest solar CMEs, indicating severe influence on exoplanet environments. The ratio of the kinetic energy of stellar CMEs to flare energy is significantly smaller than expected from the solar scaling relation and this discrepancy is still in debate. We will review the recent updates of stellar CME studies and discuss the future direction in this paper.
