论文标题

当前的主题,方法和挑战固有无序蛋白质动力学的建模

Current Topics, Methods, and Challenges in the Modelling of Intrinsically Disordered Protein Dynamics

论文作者

Xian, Rickie, Rauscher, Sarah

论文摘要

主要的氨基酸序列规定结构,因此功能长期以来对蛋白质科学的理解至关重要。尽管该理论得到了大多数结构化蛋白的行为的支持,但在讨论内在无序蛋白(IDP)时,它失去了大部分适用性。这些奇特的蛋白质的三级结构不断在一系列能量有利的构象之间互相互连,是许多当前紧迫的科学机制的根源。许多尚未阐明的生物过程 - 蛋白质折叠,配体结合和一般蛋白质动力学的机制 - 涉及IDP。由于大多数动态蛋白质事件都在如此短的时间尺度上,因此使用实验方法经常观察其作用时间不会产生有用的数据。同样,必须与专门针对IDP量身定制的方法结合提供了为结构化的科学技术产生的数据,以具有重要意义。一种以令人震惊的精度为IDP建模的方法是计算机模拟,尤其是分子动力学(MD)模拟。随着计算能力最近仅增加足以涵盖蛋白质动力学所需的时间尺度,MD模拟在其实现中仍然相当新。本文将讨论并巩固使用MD模拟对IDP的当前方法,问题和解决方案。可以更改哪些模拟参数以更精确地描述观察到的生物学行为?如何准确使用MD模拟来回答没有答案的问题?如何分析和量化MD模拟产生的数据以支持得出的结论?

The paradigm that the primary amino acid sequence prescribes structure and thus function has for a long time been central to the understanding of protein science. Though the theory is supported by the behaviour of most structured proteins, it loses much of its applicability when discussing intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). These peculiar proteins, whose tertiary structure constantly interconverts between a series of energetically favourable conformations, are the root of many current, pressing scientific mechanisms. Many biological processes that are still yet to be elucidated--the mechanisms of of protein folding, ligand binding, and general protein dynamics--involve IDPs. Because most dynamic protein events are on such short time scales, using experimental methods to observe their action often times doesn't yield useful data. As well, the data resulting from scientific techniques developed for structured, "static proteins" must be presented in conjunction with data from methods tailored specifically to IDPs in order to have significance. A method that models IDPs with shocking accuracy is computer simulation, particularly Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. With computational power only recently increasing enough to encompass the timescale needed for protein dynamics, MD simulations are still fairly novel in their implementations. This paper will discuss and consolidate the current methods, problems, and solutions of using MD simulation to model IDPs. Which simulation parameters can be altered to more precisely describe observed biological behaviour? How can one accurately use MD simulation to answer questions that, when using experimental methods, have no answer? How can the data resulting from MD simulation be analyzed and quantified to support the conclusions being drawn?

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