论文标题
量子墙物理学和三个维度
Quantum-Hall physics and three dimensions
论文作者
论文摘要
1980年的量子厅效应（QHE）的发现标志着凝结物理学的转折点：在适当的实验条件下，霍尔电导率σ_xy的二维（2D）电子系统已准确量化。但是，QHE在三个维度（3D）中会发生什么？在过去的40年中，实验表明，QHE的某些显着物理，特别是高原样的大厅电导率σ_xy，在纵向电阻率\ r {ho} _xx中伴随着最小值，也可以在3D材料中找到。但是，由于通常无法确定σ_xy和电导量子量的定量关系\ r {ho} _xx仍然是有限的，因此无法确定量子霍尔物理学在3D中的作用，因此仍然没有解决。在最近进行了一系列令人兴奋的实验之后，3D中的QHE现在又回到了中心舞台。在这里，我们总结了从这些实验中出现的磁场中对3D物质的理解的飞跃。
The discovery of the quantum Hall effect (QHE) in 1980 marked a turning point in condensed matter physics: given appropriate experimental conditions, the Hall conductivity σ_xy of a two-dimensional (2D) electron system is exactly quantized. But what happens to the QHE in three dimensions (3D)? Experiments over the past 40 years showed that some of the remarkable physics of the QHE, in particular plateau-like Hall conductivities σ_xy accompanied by minima in the longitudinal resistivity \r{ho}_xx, can also be found in 3D materials. However, since typically \r{ho}_xx remains finite and a quantitative relation between σ_xy and the conductance quantum e^2/h could not be established, the role of quantum Hall physics in 3D remains unsettled. Following a recent series of exciting experiments, the QHE in 3D has now returned to the centre stage. Here, we summarize the leap in understanding of 3D matter in magnetic fields emerging from these experiments.
