论文标题
被忽视的$ u（1）$ phase schroedinger表示量子力学和粒子数的代表，以保存形式主义用于超导性
Neglected $U(1)$ phase in the Schroedinger representation of quantum mechanics and particle number conserving formalisms for superconductivity
论文作者
论文摘要
超导性被重新构成为一种现象，在这种现象中，稳定的速度场是由$ u（1）$ phase创建的，dirac在Schroedinger的量子力学代表中忽略了。被忽视的阶段产生了$ u（1）$量规场，该场表示为多体波函数的浆果连接。该规格场的包含将超导性的标准粒子非连接形式转化为粒子单位，以保护一个粒子，并以前者未改变的许多结果。换句话说，新的形式主义表明当前的标准是一个近似值，可以通过采用粒子数量的非连接形式主义来有效地考虑到这一被忽视的$ u（1）$仪表字段。由于标准和新的形式主义在物理上是不同的，因此在某些情况下会预测矛盾的结果。我们重新审查了约瑟夫森的关系，并表明约瑟夫森交界处对$ u（1）$ phase的电容贡献在标准形式主义中缺少，并且它的包含表明标准理论实际上与新实验相符，而新的实验则是一致的。还表明，标准理论预测的约瑟夫森连接中的耗散量子相变并未根据最近的实验结果退出。
Superconductivity is reformulated as a phenomenon in which a stable velocity field is created by a $U(1)$ phase neglected by Dirac in the Schroedinger representation of quantum mechanics. The neglected phase gives rise to a $U(1)$ gauge field expressed as the Berry connection from many-body wave functions. The inclusion of this gauge field transforms the standard particle-number non-conserving formalism of superconductivity to a particle-number conserving one with many results of the former unaltered. In other words, the new formalism indicates that the current standard one is an approximation that effectively takes into account this neglected $U(1)$ gauge field by employing the particle-number non-conserving formalism. Since the standard and new formalisms are physically different, conflicting results are predicted in some cases. We reexamine the Josephson relation and show that a capacitance contribution of the Josephson junction to the $U(1)$ phase is missing in the standard formalism, and inclusion of it indicates that the standard theory actually does one agree with the experiment while the new one does. It is also shown that the dissipative quantum phase transition in Josephson junctions predicted in the standard theory does not exit in the new one in accordance with the recent experimental result.
