第一个广泛的视野视野X射线观测，龙虾眼聚焦在轨道上

论文标题

第一个广泛的视野视野X射线观测，龙虾眼聚焦在轨道上

First wide field-of-view X-ray observations by a lobster eye focusing telescope in orbit

论文作者

Zhang, C., Ling, Z. X., Sun, X. J., Sun, S. L., Liu, Y., Li, Z. D., Xue, Y. L., Chen, Y. F., Dai, Y. F., Jia, Z. Q., Liu, H. Y., Zhang, X. F., Zhang, Y. H., Zhang, S. N., Chen, F. S., Cheng, Z. W., Fu, W., Han, Y. X., Li, H., Li, J. F., Li, Y., Liu, P. R., Ma, X. H., Tang, Y. J., Wang, C. B., Xie, R. J., Yan, A. L., Zhang, Q., Jiang, B. W., Jin, G., Li, L. H., Qiu, X. B., Su, D. T., Sun, J. N., Xu, Z., Zhang, S. K., Zhang, Z., Zhang, N., Bi, X. Z., Cai, Z. M., He, J. W., Liu, H. Q., Zhu, X. C., Cheng, H. Q., Cui, C. Z., Fan, D. W., Hu, H. B., Huang, M. H., Jin, C. C., Li, D. Y., Pan, H. W., Wang, W. X., Xu, Y. F., Yang, X., Zhang, B., Zhang, M., Zhang, W. D., Zhao, D. H., Bai, M., Ji, Z., Liu, Y. R., Ma, F. L., Su, J., Tong, J. Z., Wang, Y. S., Zhao, Z. J., Feldman, C., O'Brien, P., Osborne, J. P., Willingale, R., Burwitz, V., Hartner, G., Langmeier, A., Müller, T., Rukdee, S., Schmidt, T., Kuulkers, E., Yuan, W.

论文摘要

作为一种新颖的X射线聚焦技术，龙虾眼微孔光学器件（MPO）具有广泛的观察场和真实的成像能力，有望在软X射线中显着提高灵敏度和空间分辨率，有希望的天空监测。自从Angel（1979）首次提出以来，这些光学在过去几十年中已经进行了广泛的研究，开发和试验。在这封信中，我们报告了第一张龙虾眼影像器的飞行实验（$ leia $）的飞行实验，这是爱因斯坦探测任务的宽场X射线望远镜的探路者。 Piggyback Imager于2022年7月推出，其大部分无围场的视野为$ 18.6^\ Circ \ Times 18.6^\ Circ $。它的空间分辨率在FWHM中的4 $ -7 $ 7 arcmin范围内，焦点有效区域为2 $ - $ 3厘米$^2 $，两者均仅显示整个视野中的温和波动。我们介绍了银河中心区域，SCO X-1的图像以及在0.5 $ -4 keV的快照观测中拍摄的弥漫性cygnus循环nebular。这些是通过聚焦成像望远镜首次观察到的天体的真正宽场X射线图像。对飞行中数据的初步分析显示，观察到的图像与地面校准和模拟之间的一致性很高。简要描述了仪器及其表征，以及飞行实验。结果为使用Lobster Eye MPO的当前和拟议的宽场X射线任务提供了坚实的基础。

As a novel X-ray focusing technology, lobster eye micro-pore optics (MPO) feature both a wide observing field of view and true imaging capability, promising sky monitoring with significantly improved sensitivity and spatial resolution in soft X-rays. Since first proposed by Angel (1979), the optics have been extensively studied, developed and trialed over the past decades. In this Letter, we report on the first-light results from a flight experiment of the Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy ($LEIA$), a pathfinder of the wide-field X-ray telescope of the Einstein Probe mission. The piggyback imager, launched in July 2022, has a mostly un-vignetted field of view of $18.6^\circ \times 18.6^\circ $. Its spatial resolution is in the range of 4$-$7 arcmin in FWHM and the focal spot effective area is 2$-$3 cm$^2$, both showing only mild fluctuations across the field of view. We present images of the Galactic center region, Sco X-1 and the diffuse Cygnus Loop nebular taken in snapshot observations over 0.5$-$4 keV. These are truly wide-field X-ray images of celestial bodies observed, for the first time, by a focusing imaging telescope. Initial analyses of the in-flight data show excellent agreement between the observed images and the on-ground calibration and simulations. The instrument and its characterization are briefly described, as well as the flight experiment. The results provide a solid basis for the development of the present and proposed wide-field X-ray missions using lobster eye MPO.

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