论文标题
太阳周期蝴蝶图的潜在新机制：依赖纬度的径向通量传输
A Potential New Mechanism for the Butterfly Diagram of the Solar Cycle: Latitude-dependent Radial Flux Transport
论文作者
论文摘要
太阳周期的蝴蝶图是随着太阳周期的发展，黑子的出现纬度的赤道迁移。揭示蝴蝶图的机制对于理解太阳能和恒星发电机至关重要。据信，对流区（CZ）底部的赤道子午流是蝴蝶图的原因。然而，Helioseology研究表明流动的有争议形式，甚至在CZ底部的极端流动，这对广泛接受的机制构成了巨大挑战。这促使我们在这项研究中提出了一种新机制。使用数据驱动的Babcock-Leighton型发电机模型，我们进行数值模拟，以探讨在不同的子午流量谱图下，依赖纬度依赖性的径向通量转运如何影响环形场的纬度迁移。结果表明，当较高纬度的poloidal场的径向运输速度更快时，在较高纬度的新循环的环形场比在较低纬度的较高纬度产生，反之亦然。因此，建议该蝴蝶图与由于lotoidal通量的纬度依赖性径向转运，对应于环形场的时间和纬度依赖性再生。
The butterfly diagram of the solar cycle is the equatorward migration of the emergence latitudes of sunspots as the solar cycle evolves. Revealing the mechanism for the butterfly diagram is essential for understanding the solar and stellar dynamo. The equatorward meridional flow at the base of the convection zone (CZ) was believed to be responsible for the butterfly diagram. However, helioseismological studies indicate controversial forms of the flow, and even present poleward flow at the base of the CZ, which poses a big challenge to the widely accepted mechanism. This motivates us to propose a new mechanism in this study. Using a data-driven Babcock-Leighton-type dynamo model, we carry out numerical simulations to explore how the latitude-dependent radial flux transport affects the latitudinal migration of the toroidal field, under different meridional flow profiles. The results indicate that when the radial transport of the poloidal field at higher latitudes is sufficiently faster, the toroidal fields of a new cycle at higher latitudes are generated earlier than that at lower latitudes, and vice versa. Thus, the butterfly diagram is suggested to correspond to the time- and latitude-dependent regeneration of the toroidal field due to the latitude-dependent radial transport of the poloidal flux.
