I. INTRODUCTION Optimal sizing of IWMs, choice of battery and capacity, development of controllers, and realistic charging scenarios requires a discussion of vehicle duty cycles. In this paper, the demand cycle refers to the individual’s driving history and can be described by a speed versus time curve. The duty cycle refers to a vehicle’s history of power usage and the manufacturer can use it to design the drive wheel actuator. As a result, the components of the IWM will be sized to meet the selected duty cycle [ 1, 2]. For instance, an aggressive driver might want 0-60 mph acceleration time in 5 s, but an efficiency-priority driver will want high efficiency instead of the quick 0-60 mph acceleration time. The demand cycle, depending on the customer, will be determined by the driver history’s speed versus time curve. Consequently, manufacturers can configure specific driving cycles for each particular customer. Based on their driving cycles, the IWM will be customized to that particular customer. This could lead to a more optimized IWM so that the customer can be best satisfied with their purchase. It is discussed in detail how to evaluate, classify, and satisfy these individual customers. In addition, the expanded choice for the customer can be characterized in terms of two basic operating regimes: drivability and efficiency. It is analytically demonstrated how the selection of the design components of IWMs differs for different types of customers such as an aggressive driver vs. an efficiency-priority driver, and describe design specifications such as different g levels, gear ratio, power rating, weight of the IWM, clutch shift point, efficiency, 0-60 acceleration time etc. In this paper, the longitudinal vehicle dynamics are presented. Based on that, the customer-oriented duty cycle analysis is developed. After that, simulation results and conclusions are presented.Expanded Human Choice based on Duty/Demand Cycles for In-Wheel Motors in Electric Vehicles Hoon Lee Hyundai Motor Company Delbert Tesar Univ of Texas-Austin Pradeepkumar Ashok University of Texas-Austin ABSTRACT In order to design the in-wheel motor (IWM) for Electric Vehicles (EV), it is necessary to analyze the desired (expected) duty cycle at a higher performance level in order that the IWM becomes commercially relevant. The duty cycle may be representative of different segments of the customer base. Or, the individual customer may wish to have a set of IWMs that uniquely meet his/her measured “demand” cycle for a balance of drivability and efficiency. Questions then arise: How to measure the demand cycle of an individual? What 2 or 3 standard duty cycles should be offered as customer choices for their vehicle? Should the IWM represent multiple speed domains to enhance efficiency and drivability? Can the vehicle be updated rapidly 2 to 3 years after purchase? Etc. In this paper , we lay the groundwork to answer these types of customer questions for an EV with four independent IWMs. In addition, we propose the customer-oriented duty cycle analysis in order to obtain not only how to maximize efficiency (efficiency-priority driver) but also how to maximize drivability (aggressive driver), based on the existing driving cycles: Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) and Aggressive Driver (US06). Given the individual demand cycle, the EV can be tailored to meet the particular customer , which leads to expanded human choice which can be characterized in terms of two basic operating regimes: efficiency and drivability . INDEX TERMS: Duty Cycle Analysis, In-Wheel Motors, Efficiency, Drivability, Demand Cycle CITATION: Lee, H., Tesar, D., and Ashok, P., "Expanded Human Choice based on Duty/Demand Cycles for In-Wheel Motors in Electric Vehicles," SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 10(1):2017, doi:10.4271/2016-01-9114.Published 03/14/2017 Copyright © 2017 SAE International doi:10.4271/2016-01-9114 saepcmech.saejournals.org 1Downloaded from SAE Internatio